But thanks to unexpected insights and data gained from our own urgent need to understand the earth’s climate, we have learned that there is much more to the story of the celestial signs that followed Caesar’s death. We might attribute them to the human mind’s infinite ability to imagine connections where there are none, or more generously, we could try to understand these reports as culturally meaningful texts, a symbolic language through which the Romans experienced the world. It is easy enough to dismiss these observations as the superstitions of a prescientific age. According to Pliny the Elder, writing a century after the fact, “portentous and protracted eclipses of the sun occur, such as the one after the murder of Caesar…which caused almost a whole year’s continuous gloom.” Plutarch was even more vivid in describing “the obscuration of the sun’s rays”:ĭuring all that year its orb rose pale and without radiance, while the heat that came down from it was slight and ineffectual, so that the air in its circulation was dark and heavy owing to the feebleness of the warmth that penetrated it, and the fruits, imperfect and half-ripe, withered away and shriveled up on account of the coldness of the atmosphere. On this point the Roman sources are unusually insistent and coherent. Befitting the demise of the larger-than-life Caesar, the sun absconded for a year. And it did not just disappear for a passing moment, as in a normal eclipse. On the death of Caesar, even the sun disappeared. Shakespeare, with a dash of poetic license, immortalized these forebodings: “Beware the ides of March.” On March 15, 44 bc, Julius Caesar was hacked to death by his jealous political rivals, plunging the Romans once more into the nightmare of civil war. ![]() Bad dreams and rumbling heavens followed. ![]() A bull sacrificed to the gods was found to be without a heart, and the presiding priest duly warned Caesar that he was in imminent danger. Horses that Caesar had dedicated to the river Rubicon refused to eat and wept instead. A kingbird ( avis regaliolus) was savagely ripped to pieces in the Theater of Pompey. The ancient biographer Suetonius gave a summary catalogue of these signs and warnings. And soon disturbing portents began to appear. But resentment simmered among the old-guard senatorial faction that Caesar had brought to heel. Grand new campaigns of conquest were rumored. For a moment it must have felt as if there were order in the cosmos. Julius Caesar was then at the height of his powers, and the award of the consulship to Antony signaled a full reconciliation with his faithful lieutenant after a brief chill. There are hardly two more eminent names in the annals of Roman history. To the Romans, who named their years after the highest officials in the res publica, what we call the year 44 bc was the year when Julius Caesar and Mark Antony were consuls. The year of his death seemed to start under hopeful auspices. ![]() The Romans were great believers in omens, and an event as world-shaking as the assassination of Julius Caesar was apportioned its predictable share of signs in the collective memory. Audio brought to you by Curio, a Lapham’s Quarterly partner
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10/22/2023 0 Comments Paperbark maple bark![]() I believe that the few cultivars and hybrids (Cinnamon Flake, x waxmanii, etc) are being grafted on griseum understock. The species seems very stable, there are some differences in when individuals start to peel.Īlthough Dirr et al propose grafting on saccharum, I have never run across this in the trade, and I wonder if it is done by anyone now that we have decent sources for seed and an understanding of how to germinate. griseum still grow, it's critically endangered. Unfortunately, there are only 4 sites in the wild where a few A. While this is bad news for the species it's good news for you, anything you grow or buy will be pretty much identical to what you had. They're all the same tree genetically, because they are all related to the same trees that Earnest Wilson brought from China in the beginning of the 20th century. Penn a few years ago showed that the genetic diversity among garden grown Paperbarks is essentially nil. However, you may be able to buy more viable seed, or a young seedling for not too much, and here's the thing: a study from U. You'll understand why I suggested that letting it germinate naturally in the ground was maybe the easiest approach. So I wish you the best of luck, sorry to hear you are moving away from this nice tree. You can guess from my description, that if the % of viable seed is low, the success rate will be even lower. Peat by itself will either stay too wet and rot the seed or dry out completely. Stratification should be either outside in ground, or in half/half peat/sharp sand. So there are two possible methods: the traditional, to scarify the nutlet before the first stratification and hope it doesn't rot or a modern method of "c-section", which is to wait until the seed should be germinating, then use tweezers and razor blades to carefully open the nutlet and extract the embryo, which can then grow. Even then, the pericarps (seed shells) are so hard that viable germinating embryos have a hard time getting out. This species is not originally from North America.Acer griseum needs to be double stratified 3/6/3 (cold/warm/cold) in order to germinate. ![]() It is somewhat tolerant of urban pollution. It is not particular as to soil type or pH. It prefers to grow in average to moist conditions, and shouldn't be allowed to dry out. This tree does best in full sun to partial shade. It grows at a slow rate, and under ideal conditions can be expected to live for 80 years or more. As it matures, the lower branches of this tree can be strategically removed to create a high enough canopy to support unobstructed human traffic underneath. It has a high canopy with a typical clearance of 6 feet from the ground, and should not be planted underneath power lines. Paperbark Maple will grow to be about 30 feet tall at maturity, with a spread of 25 feet. Paperbark Maple is recommended for the following landscape applications It has no significant negative characteristics. This is a relatively low maintenance tree, and should only be pruned in summer after the leaves have fully developed, as it may 'bleed' sap if pruned in late winter or early spring. Its relatively fine texture sets it apart from other landscape plants with less refined foliage. Paperbark Maple is a multi-stemmed deciduous tree with a shapely oval form. The peeling antique red bark is extremely showy and adds significant winter interest. The compound leaves turn outstanding shades of orange and antique red in the fall. Paperbark Maple has dark green deciduous foliage on a tree with an oval habit of growth. ![]() This small ornamental tree is renowned for its exfoliating (peeling) bark in cinnamon red, pink and tan, along wth good fall color an extremely high value accent tree for the winter landscape 10/22/2023 0 Comments Superliminal logo![]() I am accompanied by voices as I descend into a dream world, including the affable but unhelpful Dr. As I go deeper into the dream and the world becomes less logical, I paradoxically feel more constricted, not less. I’m moving from segmented level to level trying to figure out what the game wants me to do, instead of having fun with everything that I’ve been shown is possible. This often makes Superliminal feel like Portal. You can’t make everything bigger or smaller, and there are doors every so often that block you from bringing your useful soda cans, exit signs, or chess pieces into the next level. The problem is that Superliminal isn’t a sandbox it’s a puzzle game. It feels like a magic trick, but one that I control. I spend my first hour or so with the game making boxes bigger and then smaller again while chuckling to myself. The key mechanicĮverything comes down to the idea of tampering with reality through the use of perspective, which is legitimately very neat. It sounds soothing, right up until it becomes clear that something, somewhere, has gone wrong, and I’m stuck inside a dream that very quickly begins to feel like a nightmare. I don’t know who I am, but I’m clearly here to test a program and learn something in the process. You see, I’m in a therapy session conducted via dreams. It’s not about what’s real, it’s about what looks real. Portraits, seen in the right way, can become doorways to another environment. I can pick it up as if it were a physical object, and now it’s in my hands. If I stand just right, the block looks real. Later, I find an orange block painted on the walls. This is the key mechanic of Superliminal. However, when I turn and place the soda at the end of the hall, I’ve played a clever trick I can now walk towards the soda can to find its grown to a massive size. When I hold the soda in my hands, it’s quite small. I stand in the hallway of a quiet medical facility, and grab a can of soda from a vending machine. With its unique art style and focus on physics-based puzzles, Superliminal looks like it will be a standout game in the genre.Superliminal is a puzzle game in which perception is reality. The controls are simple but challenging to master, and the levels are designed in a way that encourages repeat playthroughs. Superliminal is shaping up to be an excellent puzzle game. ![]() The game also looks like it will be a lot of fun to play, so you'll likely want to go back to it again and again. With its large number of levels and its focus on physics-based puzzles, there's a lot of potential for replay value. Superliminal looks like it will be a very replayable game. Mastering the controls is essential if you want to progress through the game, so be sure to take the time to learn them properly. The B button is used to interact with objects, and the A button is used to jump. The left analog stick is used to move around, while the right analog stick is used to control the direction of gravity. The controls in Superliminal are fairly simple but can take some getting used to. The attention to detail is also commendable, and the game looks like it will be a treat for the eyes. ![]() The minimalist approach suits the game well, and the black and white color palette gives it a unique look. Superliminal has a very distinct art style that really stands out. The game is heavily reliant on physics, so mastering the controls is essential if you want to progress. Each level presents you with a new obstacle to overcome, and you'll often have to think outside the box to figure out how to reach the exit. Superliminal looks like it will be a very challenging puzzle game. With a stark, minimalist art style and a heavy focus on physics-based puzzles, the game looks to be a challenging but rewarding experience. Superliminal is an upcoming puzzle game that tasks you with bending reality to your will in order to reach the end of each level. 10/21/2023 0 Comments Hocus focus puzzle today![]() I love Minnesota, and I am a super weather nerd. Archived from the original on March 29, 2016.It's been a long last few weeks. Henry Boltinoff and The Henry Boltinoff Hall of Fame Gallery at Mike's Amazing World of DC Comics.Henry Boltinoff at the Comic Book DB (archived from the original).^ "Hal Kaufman, Longtime Feature Editor and Contributor, Dead at 94".Syndicated Comic Strips and Artists, 1924-1995: The Complete Index. When he died (April 26, 2001), he left behind more than a year's worth of unpublished Hocus Focus cartoons. Archived from the original on October 12, 2014. "The Fabuleous Fifties: Boltinoff For Ya". "The Fabuleous Fifties: Here Come The Gags". Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publishing. ^ a b Henry Boltinoff at the Grand Comics Database.Dover & Clover are pretty obscure, but they still ranked as the most prominent characters cartoonist Henry Boltinoff ever created for DC Comics.They made their debut in DC's More Fun Comics #94 (November 1943). Archived from the original on April 22, 2016. "The DC Comics Offices 1930s-1950s Part 2". Archived from the original on May 5, 2012. Archived from the original on February 18, 2011. ^ Miller, John Jackson (June 10, 2005). ![]() It continues to run in over 300 newspapers. 1965 by Harold Kaufmann, includes two similar panels with six differences between them. The King Features Syndicate feature, which was started c. Hocus-Focus may have been Boltinoff's best-known work. He received the National Cartoonists Society's Newspaper Panel Cartoon Award in 1981 and also received their Humor Comic Book Award for 1970. He also had his own panels: Woody Forrest (1960), Stoker the Broker (1960), and Hocus-Focus through 2001. Even while doing his filler strips for DC, his cartoons kept appearing in magazines such as Boy's Life and many of the low rent Humorama titles.īoltinoff was a regular contributor to This and That (a daily cartoon panel from the George Matthew Adams syndicate), Nubbin (1970 - 1986), This Funny World (a daily cartoon panel from the McNaught syndicate) and Laff-A-Day (a daily cartoon panel from King Features). All in all he was one of the best selling cartoonists in the forties and into the fifties. For Judge he did a monthly one page feature identifying character types between 19 and for King Features' Pictorial Review he had a regular page of gags under the title "Gags and Gals". He also sold a lot of cartoons to special cartoon magazines, such as 1000 Jokes, Judge and Gags. He contributed to all of the mid range magazines, such as Look, Collier's, The Saturday Evening Post, True, Liberty, The American Legion, Sunday newspaper magazines such as This Week, Today, The American Weekly, Parade and almost every other general interest magazine, from The Progressive Farmer to The Ford Times. Magazine cartoons īoltinoff started doing magazine cartoons in the early forties. ![]() In 1969, he became the writer of the Date with Debbi and Swing with Scooter titles. Boltinoff's final creation for DC was "Cap's Hobby Hints". These were usually lettered by Gaspar Saladino. Boltinoff's other features include "Abdul the Fire Eater", "Bebe", "Billy", "Buck Skinner", "Cap's Hobby Center", "Casey the Cop", "Charlie Cannonball", "Chief Hot Foot", "Cora the Carhop", "Dexter", "Doctor Floogle", "Doctor Rocket", "Elvin", "Freddie the Frogman", "Hamid the Hypnotist", "Homer", "Honey in Hollywood", "Hy the Spy", "Hy Wire", "Jail Jests", "Jerry the Jitterbug", "King Kale", "Lefty Looie", "Lem 'n' Lime", "Lionel and His Lions", "Little Pete", "Little Pocahontas", "Lucky", "The Magic Genie", "Moolah the Mystic", "No-Chance Charley", "Ollie", "On the Set", "Peg", "Peter Puptent", "Prehistoric Fun", "Professor Eureka", "Sagebrush Sam", "Shorty", "Stan", " Super-Turtle", "Tricksy the World's Greatest Stunt Man" and "Warden Willis". ![]() His most prominent creation for DC was "Dover & Clover" which debuted in More Fun Comics #94 (Nov. He was a prolific cartoonist and drew many of the humor and filler strips that appeared in National Periodical comics from the 1940s through the 1960s.īorn in New York City, Boltinoff created numerous humor features for DC Comics, where his brother Murray Boltinoff was an editor. Henry Boltinoff (Febru– April 26, 2001) was an American cartoonist who worked for both comic strips and comic books. National Cartoonists Society's Humor Comic Book Award, 1970 Thus, if you're looking for a great place to start your learning journey into CAD, AutoCAD is a perfect entry point for 2D work. The learning curve itself is prevalent with the industry as a whole and not necessarily due to AutoCAD itself as a software. Yet, that doesn't mean there isn't a learning curve in fact, it's pretty steep. Your next CAD software?ĪutoCAD truly sets itself apart from the outset by creating a complex piece of software without making it look intimidating to new users. Currently, AutoCAD supports DXF, DGN, SKP, STEP, and STL files, including a few additional ones however, ensure to check whether the software can work with your chosen file type before starting. Mac users don't have as many alternative options as Windows users, so it's great to see AutoCAD work on Mac devices.ĪutoCAD also features an import mode to work on files created in other applications. Uses & devicesĪutoCAD can be used on any Windows device and, surprisingly, Mac devices. Section plane creates a live cross-section, making the inner details of your model viewable for extra intricate depth. Navigating within the 3D interface allows you to view your object from all angles and manipulate your depth of view. ![]() Unless you are an experienced user, switching over to 3D can feel like starting from square one all over again. The interface then plays against you as navigating in a 3D space can cause headaches. While you can convert 2D images to 3D and vice versa, the complexity becomes noticeable when you create a new 3D model. Revision clouds can be used to show where objects or elements have been revised, making communication easier between team members, but more importantly, giving a clear framework for internal project documentation.ģD falls behind significantly with ease of use. Detailed elevation drawings become far easier to create and view, including drafting. With these tools, users can automatically create dimensions that move automatically when the object is moved. More experienced users, or experimenters, can allow macros to create shortcuts to help them speed up tool access.įor 2D, users can leverage AutoCAD to quickly draft detailed designs with greater accuracy as there is no need to use drawing instruments in a digital landscape. Instead, its functionality truly shines when used to create 2D designs and in-depth blueprints.ĭespite the complexity associated with CAD software as a whole, AutoCAD features an easy-to-use interface, enabling users to quickly find the tools they need through large icons and a clutter-free layout. It simply wasn't built to be used as a dedicated 3D model creation tool. While 3D model creation is a possibility, its limitations quickly become apparent and, in some cases, frustrating. ![]() Undoubtedly, AutoCAD works best when creating detailed and accurate 2D models. However, if you're looking for something that'll allow you to create complex 3D models, then you may be disappointed. If you're looking for CAD software that provides 2D & 3D creation opportunities, then look no further. If you're looking for CAD software that enables you to focus solely on engineering or construction, you'll gain significant use from AutoCAD. Users can use many specialized toolsets and complementary programs that focus on specific disciplines rather than doubling down on complete coverage. Where AutoCAD lacks in complexity, it makes up for it with versatility. ![]() However, more experienced users might find AutoCAD lacking in extensive use and be less viable as an option for larger, more complex projects. AutoCAD provides excellent functionality for users looking to experience CAD software and begin learning its implementation. 10/21/2023 0 Comments Pmp certifications![]() Send the forms and all the photocopies of the certificates to the below-mentioned address,.Get the photocopies of your relevant certificates.Get the photocopies of your Degree/Diploma.Get it signed by your manager or supervisor for the relevant experience that you have.Download the audit package from your email. ![]() Following approval, you will have a year to arrange for payment of the cost and the exam. They would conduct a random audit using the information and references provided. Your PMP application will be approved when the PMI audit procedure has taken at least five working days. A random selection technique is used in the PMP audit. If PMP chooses to audit your application for PMP Training or PMP course, they will email you to let you know. Step 10: Expiration of credentials (Takes place post certification maintenance condition not met and one needs to reapply) Why StarAgile for PMP Training? Step 9: Suspension of Credentials (Takes place if certification maintenance condition is not met and submitted by completion of third anniversary of date of passing the exam) Step 8: Renewal of Credentials (One can complete renewal by submitting 60 PDU and paying renewal fees) Step 7: Maintaining Credentials (one should obtain 60 PDU in three years) Step 6: Certification Process (Cycle begins the day an individual passes the exam) Step 5: Eligibility for Multiple Choice Exams (1 year from date of the application approval) Step 4: Process for Paying Applicants (Application payment is a precursor to scheduling the exam) ![]() Step 3: The auditing process (Once the application is selected, 90 Days is allocated to each individual to send the audit material) Step 2: Review the application's completion (5 Days since application submission online) Step 1: Submitting the Application (Individual has 90 days to submit the application since starting the application) They comprehend fundamental concepts from core project management courses including scope definition, cost control, resource management, risk assessment and management, quality control methods, and communication tools.īelow is a list of the PMP certification process: Project management experts with the PMP Training understand how to efficiently manage projects from beginning to end, monitoring, and closing, in today's complicated business environment. If you're looking for a career with many possibilities, this place is for you! Additionally, the rigorous certification procedure can provide knowledge and the ability to cope with complicated tasks. Within the PMP course duration, the PMP certification and PMP Training cover everything from project planning and scheduling to resource and risk management. ![]() Because PMP-certified managers are paid more than non-certified managers, both employees and companies can benefit from this qualification. It has a wide audience and is one of the project management certifications that international corporations value the most. It's a crucial tool for professionals looking to sharpen their project management and leadership skills and for companies looking for highly qualified project managers at all levels. The PMP certification proves your proficiency in project management and is highly recognized and appreciated. 10/21/2023 0 Comments Joshua rush desnudo![]() What are some of the favorite thing’s celebrities like to do? Some of my favorite things that celebrities enjoy doing are traveling, reading books, and blogging. You can find her net worth and source of income in the below section.Īctor is Joshua Rush‘s primary income source. Joshua Rush’s net worth, income source, and salary have been updated below. She may not look like that rich, but she is definitely living the high life with some pretty impressive wealth! With so many people these days becoming famous for their internet presence, it’s become more difficult to determine who has the most money or what they may be worth.ĭo you wonder how much money Joshua Rush has? This article will provide information on where Joshua Rush is getting her money from and just how wealthy she is. You can calculate it by adding up all of your assets (what you own) and subtracting all of your liabilities (what you owe). ![]() It includes your assets and liabilities, with the difference being your net worth. Net worth is a term that defines how much you are worth. UPDATE SOON Net Worth and Income Source of Joshua Rush People want to know about her early life and career Here we discuss Joshua Rush’s early life and professional career. From movies, TV shows, music albums, and live performances- these stars have made their mark on our culture forever through creativity and innovation rather than just being famous for. You need to understand what it takes to succeed in this competitive world before you try and emulate any of these celebrity lifestyles or goals because there is no one simple answer on how to do so. Joshua Rush is more popular than others, but it’s clear that all those who are successful have found different ways to make themselves stand out from everyone else. We’ll also take a look at how she achieved her success in the entertainment industry. ![]() In this section, “The Career and Achievement,” we will examine how Joshua Rush career has progressed over time. Schooling Career and Achievement of Joshua Rush Here we discuss the details about her educational qualification. Sadly, he tapped out of the challenge in just five days and couldn’t do much with his tape other than making a duct tape bikini for Amanda, a blanket, and a mug.People ask about Joshua Rush’s educational background. He chose an interesting object as his weapon of choice – A duct tape. In the ninth episode titled ‘Nicaragua,’ Joshua embarked upon the 21-day journey with pet care specialist Amanda Leigh. Joshua Bell appeared on Naked and Afraid season 3. After combining all the funds with the cash Joshua earned after selling his rifle, Joshua successfully landed in Syria and fulfilled his dream of fighting on the frontlines. Although Bell couldn’t manage to collect the money via the crowd-funder, his friend came up with the idea to sell T-shirts for his campaign. Led by Jordan Matson, the multinational troop helps the Kurdish Militia to push back the ISIS extremists from Kobane, the northern region of Syria. In 2015, just two months after he quit the show, Joshua started a Go Fund Me page to garner $3,500 to join the rebellious group named The Lions of Rojava. 10/21/2023 0 Comments Human with a gun vs wizardIn a flashback, Nagi talks about it a little. In terms of pure offensive firepower, the magic world does not appear to have anything like nukes. In Negima! Magister Negi Magi, while a combination of magic and technology usually works best, it seems that cell phones are almost universally more useful than the Telepathy that mages tend to use, so long as there's reception.note Though it needed magic boost to pierce the force field. Giant walking magically impervious armor? Flak cannon shoots straight through it. Giant golem? LAW note Light Anti-Armor Weapon beats it. The WWII/Vietnam War-era weapons that have crossed over to the world of Halkeginia in The Familiar of Zero appear to far out-power all elements of offensive magic except that of the Void. ![]() Unrelated to Tropers Do It Without Notability. Contrast Guns Are Worthless, where those fancy muggle toys are, well, worthless in the face of a supernatural threat. Also compare to Medieval Stasis, as this trope assumes the supernatural is locked in such while the muggles continue to advance. Compare Post-Modern Magik, which is when technology and magic intertwine, and Magic Must Defeat Magic, where muggles are hopeless against magic and you need more magic to fight it. Can also lead to The Magic Versus Technology War, with the Tech Level being that of the present day.Ĭompare with Kinetic Weapons Are Just Better, which is when mundane weapons work better than fancy shiny phlebotinum-powered weapons, though not necessarily as sometimes the "mundane" weapons are pretty phlebotinum-loaded too. Also a key characteristic of the Badass Normal, who utilize such methods in a way to keep up with (and sometimes defeat) the other superpowered beings of the universe. This trope is the main power and indeed the only hope of the Un-Sorcerer. See also Weaponized Weakness, when muggle methods are used to exploit an already dangerous Achilles' Heel or Weaksauce Weakness. Related to, but distinct from, a Mundane Solution, which is where the Phlebotinum is given a specific weakness to some commonplace thing that it didn't necessarily have to have. In fanworks it can result in something similar to Alternate History Wank in which the "wanked" party is the Muggles, and as such the term "Mugglewank" is sometimes used by detractors. Trying to get this trope to work well may involve a delicate balancing act. For example, smart audiences may wonder why supers do not use guns when muggles do. On the flip side, it can become unsatisfying fast if Fridge Logic sets in and critically-thinking viewers recognise that the only reason the Muggles win is because the supers are holding Idiot Balls, suffering from Misapplied Phlebotinum and using Hollywood Tactics rather than embracing the true potential available. And one-sided fights aren't very entertaining. a squad of heavily-armed, trained soldiers. A girl who freezes you at will may be able to kill regular soldiers easily, but if they have insulated suits specifically to fight her, well, then it becomes a teenage girl with a useless power vs. ![]() In some cases, it applies if and only if the Muggles are Crazy-Prepared. There are two ways this trope can go if it isn't used correctly. And then there are some stories where it's clear the writers didn't really think about what ordinary people could contribute, but the fans certainly will. Other times supernatural abilities and Muggle abilities will be kept largely separate thanks to the Masquerade, but when they do intersect the superiority/equality of Muggle methods will be clear. Sometimes the usefulness of Muggle methods will be a big part of the story, like Van Helsing using modern scientific methods against vampires in Dracula. Of course, if they don't work, there's always the Nuclear Option. ![]() And that guy saying he'll Take Over the World now that he's got skin as strong as steel? Yeah, apparently he's never heard of armor-piercing bullets. And a Trick Arrow that electrocutes people could be useful, but we do already have stun guns. Sure, being able to create fire with your mind might be neat, but if it's not on a large enough scale, you might be better off with a handheld lighter. In a Speculative Fiction setting, there are often a lot of people going on about how incredible and powerful the Phlebotinum is, which is why people who have it are the ones who move the plot rather than all the ordinary Muggles who need to be rescued.Įxcept, sometimes, the superhuman devices or abilities in the story aren't really all that earthshaking, at least not compared to the more mundane methods available. Wizened viewpoint on mortals, Changeling: The Lost 10/21/2023 0 Comments Usa outline![]() The USA land boundaries as you can see in USA map outline is: 12,219 kilometers (7,593 miles) total boundary length Canada 8,893 kilometers (5,526 miles) Mexico 3,326 kilometers (2,067 miles). There are several USA territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.įrom 1989 through 1996, the total area of the USA was listed as 9,372,610 km2 (3,618,780 sq mi) (land + inland water only) as its mentioned in USA map outlines. It consists of forty-eight contiguous states in North America, Alaska, a peninsula which forms the northwestern most part of North America, and Hawaii, an archipelago in the Pacific Ocean. USA country shares land borders with Canada and Mexico and maritime (water) borders with Russia, Cuba, and The Bahamas in addition to Canada and Mexico as its shown in USA map outlines. The USA contours map is downloadable in PDF, printable and free. This outline map of USA will allow you to easily learn about neighboring countries of USA in Americas. The USA map outline shows all the contours and international boundary of USA. These include American Samoa, Guam, Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Islands, Palmyra Atoll, and Wake Island. The USA Virgin Islands and Navassa Island are located in the Caribbean the rest are in the Pacific Ocean as its shown in the blank map of USA. (Virginia had also donated land, but it was returned in 1847.) The USA also has overseas territories with varying levels of independence and organization.Įxcept for Puerto Rico, USA territories and dependencies consist of very small islands. The capital city, Washington, District of Columbia, is a federal district located on land donated by the state of Maryland. The State of Hawaii is an archipelago in the Pacific Ocean as you can see in the blank map of USA. Alaska, which is not included in the term contiguous USA, is at the northwestern end of North America, separated from the Lower 48 by Canada. Alaska borders the Pacific Ocean to the south, the Bering Strait to the west, and the Arctic Ocean to the north, while Hawaii lies far to the southwest of the mainland in the Pacific Ocean.įorty-eight of the states are in the single region between Canada and Mexico this group is referred to, with varying precision and formality, as the continental or contiguous USA, and as the Lower 48. The contiguous forty-eight states of USA are otherwise bounded by the Pacific Ocean on the west, the Atlantic Ocean on the east, and the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast as its mentioned in the blank map of USA. The empty map of USA is downloadable in PDF, printable and free. ![]() This blank map of USA will allow you to use the map for personal activities or educational with children for example (drawing). The blank map of USA shows the country USA empty. 10/21/2023 0 Comments Introduction to physics online course![]() Developing strong analytical skills and a problem-solving mindset is essential. Skills in statistics, data visualization, and data manipulation using software like Excel or Python libraries like Pandas are valuable.Ĭritical thinking and problem-solving: Astrophysics entails solving complex problems and interpreting observations. Physics: A thorough understanding of classical mechanics, electromagnetism, thermodynamics, and quantum mechanics is essential.Īstronomy: Familiarity with observational techniques, celestial coordinate systems, and the tools used in astronomy will be beneficial.Ĭomputer programming: Proficiency in programming languages such as Python, MATLAB, or C++ is crucial for data analysis, simulations, and numerical modeling in astrophysics.ĭata analysis: Being able to analyze large sets of astronomical data is vital. You should focus on algebra, calculus, differential equations, and linear algebra. Mathematics: Astrophysics heavily relies on complex mathematical equations and calculations. This course material is typically covered in the first few weeks of an introductory semiconductor device course, but this class provides a fresh perspective informed by new understanding of electronics at the nanoscale.To pursue a career in astrophysics, you need to develop a strong foundation in the following skills: Drawing and interpreting an energy band diagram is the first step in understanding the operation of a device. In a concise way, they encapsulate most of the device-relevant specifics of semiconductor physics. Energy band diagrams are a powerful, conceptual way to qualitatively understand the operation of semiconductor devices. Students will learn about the following specific topics:Īmong the important learning objectives, the course will introduce learners to the process of drawing and interpreting energy band diagrams. Courses like this can also apply toward a Purdue University MSECE degree for students accepted into the full master’s program. ![]() For further information and other courses offered and planned, please see the Nanoscience and Technology page. Students may elect to pursue a verified certificate for this specific course alone or as one of the six courses needed for the edX/Purdue MicroMasters program in Nanoscience and Technology. Semiconductor Fundamentals is one course in a growing suite of unique, 1-credit-hour short courses being developed in an edX/Purdue University collaboration. Students taking this course will be required to complete two (2) proctored exams using the edX online Proctortrack software.Ĭompleted exams will be scanned and sent using Gradescope for grading. The course presents an electrical engineering perspective on semiconductors, but those in other fields may find it a useful introduction to the approach that has guided the development of semiconductor technology for the past 50+ years. Semiconductor technology developers may find it a useful starting point for diving deeper into condensed matter physics, statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, and materials science. Technology users will gain an understanding of the semiconductor physics that is the basis for devices. The treatment is physical and intuitive, and not heavily mathematical. The material will primarily appeal to electrical engineering students whose interests are in applications of semiconductor devices in circuits and systems. This course provides the essential foundations required to understand the operation of semiconductor devices such as transistors, diodes, solar cells, light-emitting devices, and more. |
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